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            常用臨床醫學英文術語

            時間:2024-10-05 23:50:01 職業英語 我要投稿
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            常用臨床醫學英文術語

              臨床醫學是研究疾病的病因、診斷、治療和預后,提高臨床治療水平,促進人體健康的科學。接下來小編為大家整理常用臨床醫學術語中英對照,希望對你有幫助。

              diseases 疾病

              acute diseases 急性病

              advanced diseases 病沉重期,晚期疾病

              chronic diseases慢性病

              communicable diseases 傳染病

              complicating diseases 并發病

              congenital diseases 先天性疾病

              acquired diseases 后天性疾病

              contagious diseases接觸性傳染病

              endemic diseases 地方病

              epidemic diseases 流行病

              functional diseases 機能病、官能病

              infectious diseases 傳染病

              inherited diseases 遺傳病

              malignant diseases惡性病

              nutritional diseases 營養病

              occupation diseases 職業病

              organic diseases 器質性病

              paroxysmal diseases 陣發性病

              periodical diseases 周期病

              primary(principal)diseases原發(主導)病

              secondary diseases 繼發病

              sexual(venereal, social)diseases 性病

              terminal diseases 絕癥

              wasting diseases 消耗性疾病chief complaint 主訴

              clinical manifestation 臨床表現

              delivery history 分娩史

              etiology病因學

              family history 家族史

              history, medical history 病史

              precipitating(induced)誘因

              marital status婚姻狀況

              menstrual history 月經史

              menarche 初潮

              menopause閉經

              past history既往史

              pathogenesis 發病機制

              personal history 個人史symptoms 癥狀

              cardinal symptom 主要癥狀

              classical symptom 典型癥狀

              concomitant symptom 伴發癥狀

              constitutional(systemic) symptom 全身癥狀

              indirect symptom 間接癥狀

              induced symptom 誘發癥狀

              local symptom 局部癥狀

              mental symptom精神癥狀

              symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom 綜合癥,癥候群

              signs體征

              antecedent 前驅征

              assident (accessory) 副征

              commemorative 后遺癥

              sign of death 死征

              diagnostic診斷征

              sign of disease 病征

              subjective 自覺征,主觀征

              vein sign靜脈征vital sign 生命體征

              body length (height of the body) 身高

              body weight 體重

              barrel chest 桶狀胸

              cachexia 惡病質

              compulsive position 被動體位

              critical facies 病危面容

              emaciation 消瘦

              enophthalmos 眼球下陷

              entropion 瞼內翻

              exophthalmos 眼球突出

              flushed face 面色潮紅

              gain (loss) in weight 增加(減輕)體重

              lock-jaw 牙關緊閉

              lordosis 脊柱前凸 醫.學教育網整理

              nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇動

              nystagmus 眼震

              obesity 肥胖

              pallor 蒼白

              scolisis 脊柱側凸

              agitation 焦急不安

              debility, weakness 虛弱

              diaphoresis 出汗,大量出汗

              dizziness, vertigo 眩暈

              lassitude, fatigue 無力,倦怠

              malaise 不適

              night sweat 盜汗

              numbness 麻木

              rigor, chill 寒冷,發冷

              perspiration, sweating 出汗

              pruritus, itching 癢,

              somasthenia 軀體無力

              tingling 麻刺感abscess 膿腫

              acidosis 酸中毒

              adhesion 粘連

              alkalosis 堿中毒

              allergy 過敏

              coagulation defect 凝血不良

              congestion 充血

              dehydration 脫水

              distention 膨脹

              edema 水腫

              embolism 栓塞,栓塞形成

              fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水電解質紊亂

              gangrene 壞疽

              hematoma 血腫

              hemorrhage, bleeding 出血

              infarction 梗塞,梗死

              infection 傳染

              inflammation 炎癥

              ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒

              metastasis 轉移

              perforation 穿孔

              necrosis 壞死

              shock 休克

              response 反應,應答

              reaction 反應,感應

              thrombosis 血栓形成

              ulceration 潰瘍fever, pyrexia 發燒,發熱

              continuous fever 稽留熱

              intermittent fever 間歇熱

              low-grade fever 低熱

              remittent fever 馳張熱

              relapsing fever 回歸熱pain 痛

              burning pain 灼痛

              chest(flank,…) pain 胸(脅腹…)痛

              cramp-like pain 痙攣性痛

              dull, diffused pain 彌漫性鈍痛

              pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛

              radiating pain (pain radiating to…) 放射性痛(放射到…疼痛)angina 絞痛

              cardiac angina 心絞痛

              backache 背痛

              colic 絞痛,急腹痛

              earache 耳痛

              headache 頭痛

              neuralgia 神經痛

              migraine 偏頭痛

              rebound tenderness 反跳痛

              somatalgia 軀體痛

              sore throat 咽喉痛

              stomachache 胃痛

              toothache 牙痛

              bloody sputum 帶血的痰

              cough 咳嗽

              dry cough 干咳

              expectoration 咳痰

              expectoration of blood 咳血

              hemoptysis 咳血anoxia 缺氧

              apnea 呼吸暫停,窒息

              asthma 氣喘,哮喘

              Cheyne Stokes respiration 切-斯氏呼吸,潮式呼吸

              dyspnea 呼吸困難

              hyperpnea hyperventilation 過度呼吸,換氣過度

              hypopnea 呼吸不全, 呼吸淺表

              hypoxia 低氧,缺氧

              orthopnea 端坐呼吸

              respiratory arrest 呼吸停止

              suffocation 窒息

              tachypnea 呼吸急促

              fetid breath 口臭

              fruity breath 呼吸有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常,心律不齊

              atelectasis 肺不張,肺膨脹不全

              cardiac arrest 心搏驟停

              cardiac hypertrophy 心臟肥大

              cyanosis 發紺,青紫

              distension of jugular vein 頸靜脈怒張

              extrasystole 期外收縮

              gallop rhythm 奔馬律

              hemopleura 血胸

              hepatojugular reflux 肝頸靜脈回流

              hypovolemia (循環)血容量減少

              palpitation 心悸

              tachycardia 心動過速

              pneumothorax 氣胸

              thrill 震顫

              absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失

              dull sound 濁音

              hyperresonant 鼓音

              rale 啰音

              rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾音,干啰音

              wheeze 哮鳴音anorexia, loss of appetite 食欲不振,厭食

              dysphagia 吞咽困難

              eructation 噯氣

              belching 噯氣

              flatulence 氣脹

              flatus 腸胃氣,屁

              gaseous distention 胃脹氣

              hematemesis 嘔血

              hiccough, hiccup 打呃,呃逆

              nausea 惡心

              pyrosis 胃灼熱

              regurgitation 反胃,回流

              thirsty 口渴

              vomiting 嘔吐

              anal fissure, crack in the anal canal 肛裂

              ascites 腹水

              board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板狀腹

              decreased tactile fremitus 觸覺性震顫減弱

              exophageal varices 食管靜脈曲張

              fistula 瘺,瘺管

              hemorrhoid 痔

              hernia 疝

              hepatomegaly 肝腫大

              intussusception 腸套疊

              jaundice 黃疸

              muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall 腹壁肌衛

              peristalsis 蠕動

              loss of peristalsis 蠕動消失

              mass peristalsis 總蠕動

              retrograde (reversed) peristalsis 逆蠕動

              prolapse 脫垂

              prolapse of anus 脫肛

              rectal prolapse 直腸脫垂,脫肛

              volvulus 腸扭轉calculus 結石, 石

              biliary calculus 膽結石

              vesical calculus 膀胱結石constipation 便秘

              defecation 排便

              diarrhea 腹瀉

              incontinence of feces 大便失禁

              hematochezia 便血

              fecal impaction 大便嵌塞

              occult blood 潛血

              painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牽動

              clay colored stools 陶土色便

              dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡樣嘔吐物

              fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting 嘔糞,吐糞

              foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 惡臭脂肪便,脂肪痢

              scanty and hard stools 便少而硬

              tarry (black) stools 柏油樣便anuria 無尿

              burning sensation no urination 排尿時的灼燒感

              dysurea 排尿困難,尿痛

              enuresis, bed wetting 遺尿

              frequency of urination 尿頻

              micturation 排尿

              uresis, urination, voiding 排尿

              nocturia 夜尿

              oliguria 少尿

              polyuria 多尿

              tenesmus 里急后重

              vesical tenesmus 排尿時里急后重

              uremia coma 尿毒癥昏迷

              urgency of urination 尿急

              urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿

              chyluria 乳糜尿

              cylindruia 管型尿

              glycosuria 糖尿

              hematuria 血尿

              ketonuria 酮尿

              pneumatinuria 氣尿

              proteinuria 蛋白尿

              pyuria 膿尿amenorrhea 經閉,無月經

              dysmenorrhea 痛經

              menorrhagia 月經過多

              lochia 惡露

              menorrhea 行經,月經過多

              menstruation 月經

              uterine contraction 子宮收縮blotch 斑點

              bruise 挫傷,青腫

              acne 痤瘡,粉刺

              desquamation 脫皮,脫屑

              ecchymosis 瘀斑

              loss of skin turgor 失去皮膚充盈

              nevus 痣

              papule 丘疹

              petechia 瘀點,瘀斑

              pigmentation 色素沉著

              pustule 膿皰

              purpura 紫癲

              red nodule 紅結節

              roseola 玫瑰疹

              scar 傷疤

              senile plaque 老人斑

              spider anaioma 蛛形痣

              subcutaneous nodule 皮下結節

              urticaria 蕁麻疹

              vesicle 小水皰

              vitiligo 白斑blindness 失明

              blurred vision, visual disturbance 視力模糊

              impaired vision 視力下降

              lacrimation 流淚

              papilledema 視神經乳頭水腫

              photophobia 畏光,羞明

              retinal detachment 視網膜脫離deafness 聾

              hearing loss 聽力喪失

              tinnitus 耳鳴

              epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血

              impaired smelling 嗅覺障礙

              nasal discharge 鼻涕

              nasal obstruction 鼻塞

              sneeze 噴嚏

              snore 打鼾

              aphonia, loss of voice 失音癥

              hoarseness 嘶啞

              gum bleeding 齒齦出血

              herpes labialis 唇皰疹,感冒瘡

              Koplik‘s spots 科普利克斑

              lead line of the gum 齦鉛線

              salivation, drooling 流口水

              straw-berry tongue 草莓舌

              tremulous tongue 舌震顫atrophy 萎縮

              contracture 攣縮

              deformity 畸形,變形

              dislocation 脫位

              fracture 骨折

              closed (simple)fracture 無創骨折,單純性骨折

              comminuted fracture 粉碎性骨折

              compound fracture 哆開(開放性)骨折

              knock-knee 膝外翻

              opisthotonos 角弓反張

              prosthesis 假體

              spasm 痙攣

              tetany (肌)強直,手足抽搦

              wrist drop 腕下垂aphasia 失語

              ataxia 共濟失調

              coma 昏迷

              consciousness 知覺,意識

              convulsion 抽搐,驚厥

              delirium 譫妄

              delusion 妄想

              faint 昏厥

              hallucination 幻覺

              hemiplegia 偏癱

              increased intracranial pressure 顱內壓增高

              insanity 精神錯亂

              loss of orientation 定向喪失

              mania 躁狂

              memory defects, amnesia 記憶缺損,遺忘癥

              paraplegia 截癱,下身麻痹

              projectile vomiting 噴射性嘔吐

              somnolence, (lethargy) 昏睡,嗜睡

              stupor 木僵,昏呆

              tetraplegia 四肢癱瘓

              unconsciousness 失去知覺

              yawning 打哈欠crisis 危象

              cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, ……) crisis

              腦(熱、血性、溶血、高血壓、甲狀腺中毒…)危象

              failure 衰竭,故障

              central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory) failure

              中樞(循環、心力、心肌、周圍循環、充血性、腎、呼吸…)衰竭diagnosis診斷

              auscultation 聽診

              inspection 視診

              palpation觸診

              percussion 叩診

              laboratory examination 實驗室檢查

              physical examination 體格檢查

              rectal (vaginal) touch 直腸(陰道)指診

              impression 印象

              tentative diagnosis 暫定診斷

              differential diagnosis 鑒別診斷

              final diagnosis 最后診斷

              prognosis 預后

              prescription 處方

              incubation (latent) period 潛伏期

              prodromal stage 前驅期

              incipient stage 初期

              quiescent stage 靜止期

              alleviation 減輕,緩和

              remission 緩解

              attack 發作

              convalescence (recovery) stage 恢復期

              rehabilitation 康復

              relapse 復發

              sudden death 猝死

              moribund 瀕死的

              course of the disease 病程

              course of the treatment 療程

              indication 適應癥,指征

              complication 并發癥

              contraindication 禁忌癥

              side-effect 副作用

              sequel (sequela), after effect 后遺癥

              therapies 治療方法

              acupuncture therapy 針刺療法

              block therapy 封閉療法

              chemical therpy (chemo-therapy) 化學療法

              combined therapy 綜合療法

              conservative therapy 保守療法

              constitutional therapy 全身療法

              dietetic therapy 飲食療法

              operative treatment 手術療法

              palliative treatment, alleviative treatment 姑息療法

              physical therapy 物理療法

              psychotherapy 精神療法

              radical treatment 根治

              radio-therapy 放射性療法

              supporting treatment 支持療法

              symptomatic treatment對癥療法

              cardiac massage 心臟按摩

              cardiac pacing 心臟起博

              electrotherapy 電療法

              electroshock treatment 電休克療法

              hemodialysis 血液透析

              hyperbaric therapy 高壓氧療法

              insulin-shock treatment 胰島素休克療法

              light therapy 光療法

              therapeutic gymnastics 醫療體育

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