2025年大學英語四級閱讀理解題及解析（通用16套）

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2025年大學英語四級閱讀理解題及解析（通用16套）

　　大學英語四級閱讀理解題及解析 1

　　Merchant and passenger ships are generally required to have a life preserver for every person aboard and in many cases, a certain percentage of smaller sizes for children. According to United States requirements, life preservers must design, reversible capable of being quickly adjusted to fit the uninitiated individual, and must be so designed as to support the wearer in the water in an upright or slightly backward position.

　　Sufficient buoyancy(浮力) to support the wearer should be retained by the life preserver after 48 hours in the water, and it should be reliable even after long period of storage. Thus it should be made of materials resistant to sunlight, gasoline, and oils, and it should be not easily set on fire.?The position in which the life preserver will support a person who jumps or falls into the water is most important, as is its tendency to turn the wearer in the water from a face-down position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his face clear of the water, even when the wearer is exhausted or unconscious.

　　The method of adjustment to the body should be simple, and self-evident to uninitiated persons even in the dark under the confused conditions, which follow a disaster. Thus, the life be reversible that it is nearly impossible to get it on wrong. Catches, straps, and ties should be kept to a minimum. In addition, the life preserver must be adjustable to the wide variety of shapes and sizes of wearers, since this greatly affects the position of floating and the self-righting qualities. A suitable life also be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water, not so heavy as to encourage to take it off on shipboard while the ship is in danger, nor so burdensome that it hinders a person in the water while trying to swim.

　　1. The passage is mainly about____.

　　A) the uses of life preservers

　　B) the design of life preservers

　　C) the materials for life preservers

　　D) the buoyancy of life preservers

　　2. According to the passage, a life be first of all ____.

　　A) adjustable B) comfortable C) self-evident D) self-righting

　　3. United States Coast Guard does NOT require the life preserver to be made ____.

　　A) with as few strings as possible

　　B) capable of being worn on both sides

　　C) according to each wearers size

　　D) comfortable and light to wear

　　4. By “the uninitiated individual” (Para. 1, Line. 4) the author refers to the person ____.

　　A) who has not been instructed how to use a life preserver

　　B) who has a little experience in using a life preserver

　　C) who uses a life preserver without permission

　　D) who becomes nervous before a disaster

　　5. What would happen if a person were supported by the life preserver in a wrong position?

　　A) The waves would move him backwards.

　　B) The water would choke him.

　　C) He would immediately sink to the bottom.

　　D) He would be exhausted or unconscious.

　　答案與解析：

　　1. B

　　文章主要講述了救生衣的設計。間接題型段首主旨題。C項和D項都是對救生衣設計中設計材料的說明。A項為陷阱，指救生衣的用途，盡管開頭提到，但范圍不著邊際。故只有B是正確選項。

　　2. D

　　根據文章，救生衣首先會自動扶正。事實細節題。本文第三段主要討論救生衣落水位置，應設計的能“自動扶正”,或稍向后仰。B項是對材料的描述，范圍太窄，而A和C不合題意，因此D是正確答案。

　　3. C

　　美國海岸巡邏隊不需要救生衣根據穿戴者的.尺寸生產。事實細節題。A項和B項都涉及method，其相關部分見最后一段第三句，A，B，D三項都是文章中提及的，C項與本題無關的內容，因此應該選C。

　　4. A

　　“the uninitiated individual”作者指的是不知道怎么使用救生衣的人。語義指代題。根據文章最后一段第一句，我們可推出“the uninitiated individual”就是指的那些不知道怎么使用救生衣的人。故A是正確選項。

　　5. D

　　如果一個人沒有正確使用救生衣，就會發生什么?細節辨別題。第三段第一句后半句中a face-down position和本題中的 in a wrong position相對應。因此選項D“他可能太累了或者是已經失去知覺”是正確答案。

　　大學英語四級閱讀理解題及解析 2

　　Most episodes of absent-mindedness forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered aroom-are caused by a simple lack of attention,says Schacter. “You’re supposed to remember something, butyou haven’t encoded it deeply.”

　　Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phonein a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in you wardrobe (衣柜). “Your memory itself isn’t failing you,” says Schacter. “Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.”

　　Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago,” says Zelinski, “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.” Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on justthat.

　　Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. “But be sure the cue is clear and available,” he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication (藥物) with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.

　　Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time,” says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.

　　練習題：

　　Choose correct answers to the question:

　　1. Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important?

　　A. It helps us understand our memory system better.

　　B. It enables us to recall something form our memory.

　　C. It expands our memory capacity considerably.

　　D. It slows down the process of losing our memory.

　　2. One possible reason why women have better memories than men is that ________.

　　A. they have a wider range of interests

　　B. they are more reliant on the environment

　　C. they have an unusual power of focusing their attention

　　D. they are more interested in what’s happening around them

　　3. A note in the pocket can hardly serve as a reminder because ________.

　　A. it will easily get lost

　　B. it’s not clear enough for you to read

　　C. it’s out of your sight

　　D. it might get mixed up with other things

　　4. What do we learn from the last paragraph?

　　A. If we focus our attention on one thing, we might forget another.

　　B. Memory depends to a certain extent on the environment.

　　C. Repetition helps improve our memory.

　　D. If we keep forgetting things, we’d better return to where we were.

　　5. What is the passage mainly about?

　　A. The process of gradual memory loss.

　　B. The causes of absent-mindedness.

　　C. The impact of the environment on memory.

　　D. A way if encoding and recalling.

　　參考答案

　　1.[B]事實細節題。根據第2段第1句可知，encoding是關注某事的一種特殊方式，這影響到以后是否能回憶起這件事來，因此B正確。

　　2.[D]事實細節題。根據第3段第3句，“女性比男性的記憶力稍強，這也許是因為她們對周圍的`環境更加注意，而記憶正是依靠這個”，故選D “她們對于周圍發生的事更感興趣”。

　　3.[C]事實細節題。根據第4段首句中說到的“視覺線索可以防止遺忘某事”可知破折號之后的警告“不要把藥瓶放在藥箱里，然后寫一張紙條裝進口袋”正是為了防止藥瓶、提示性信條離開了視線，故選C。

　　4.[A]推斷題。根據最后一段的前兩句“心不在焉的另一個常見的情景是:走進房間,卻不知為什么要進來。你很有可能是在想別的事”,可知本題答案為A。

　　5.[B]主旨題。根據第1、3、5段的首句可以得出，本文主要講的是精神不集中的原因，故選B。

　　大學英語四級閱讀理解題及解析 3

　　Not surprising in these hard times, the student’s major objective “is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life.” It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting.

　　Interest in teaching, social service and the“altruistic”fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up.

　　That’s no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemical company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first year on the job-even before she completed her two-yearassociate degree.

　　While it’s true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions m be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying thediverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.

　　Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business.No company; no job. How shortsighted in the long run!

　　But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom (對講機): “Miss Baxter,”he says, “could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?”

　　From the long-term point of view, that’s what education really ought to be about.

　　練習題：

　　Choose correct answers to the question:

　　1. According to the author’s observation, college students _______.

　　A. have never been so materialistic as today

　　B. have never been so interested in the arts

　　C. have never been so financially well off as today

　　D. have never attached so much importance to moral sense

　　2. The students’ criteria for selecting majors today have much to do with _______.

　　A. the influences of their instructors

　　B. the financial goals they seek in life

　　C. their own interpretations of the courses

　　D. their understanding of the contributions of others

　　3. By saying “While it’s true that ... be they scientific or artistic” (Lines 1-3, Para. 5), the author means that _______.

　　A. business management should be included in educational programs

　　B. human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speed

　　C. human intellectual development has reached new heights

　　D. the importance of a broad education should not be overlooked

　　4. Studying the diverse wisdom of others can ________.

　　A. create varying artistic interests

　　B. help people see things in their right perspective

　　C. help improve connections among people

　　D. regulate the behavior of modern people

　　5. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

　　A. Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded.

　　B. Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong.

　　C. People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life.

　　D. Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only.

　　1.[A]事實細節題。根據第1段可知，根據調査，當今處于傳統年齡的大學一年級的學生在17年來的民意測驗中是“最追求物質享受、最自私的.”，這與A所述相一致。

　　2.[B]事實細節題。根據第2段第1句指出現在大學生選擇專業的目的是為了經濟上的富裕，B中的financial goals對應文中的financial well off，故正確。

　　3.[D]句意理解題。本句首選強調Career職業的重要性，之后強啁我們也必須理解其他領域的知識，所以這句目的是強調全面教育的重要性，故D正確。

　　4.[B]事實細節題。根據第5段第2句：同樣毋庸置疑的還有，學習他人的各種智慧時，我們也學會怎樣去思考。句中how to think與B中的see things in…right perspective意思最為相反，故B正確。

　　5.[D]事實細節題。根據文章的第5至6段可知，作者認為罷工要求加薪等一些追求眼前利益的行為是目光短淺的，故D正確。

　　大學英語四級閱讀理解題及解析 4

　　The dancers stand motionless at their position and the room grows silent. But as the music starts, they began to move, bending, turning and waving their fans gracefully as they perform. a traditional Japanese dance. Yoshihiro Kuroki watches in silence, occasionally making notes. But as the dance ends, he beams with happiness. The performance has been flawless.

　　There have been many performances of traditional Japanese dances over the centuries, but this one is unique,because it is performed not by human dancers but by robots. And the performance takes place not in a dance studio but in a laboratory of Sony Corp.s Entertainment Robot Co. in Shinagawa, Japan, where Kuroki isgeneral manager. He is the mastermind behind a series of even more capable humanoid entertainment robots,starting with the Sony Dream Robot, or SDR, in 1997, up to the current QRIO in 2003.

　　These delightful machines are only 58 cm tall, about the size of a newborn infant, weigh about 7 kg, and move with 38 degrees of freedom, each with its own servomotor(輔助馬達).

　　QRIOs predecessor, the SDR4X, announced in 2002, can walk, dance, sing, speak, recognize faces, and understand continuous speech. Each robot has two charge-coupled-device cameras to detect color and position andcan locate a colored ball, move toward it, and kick it into a goal. It also has contact sensors in severaljoints to avoid pinching real human fingers. Seeing the robot perform, it is difficult to remember that there is no sentience(知覺)behind those glass eyes.

　　練習題：

　　Choose correct answers to the question:

　　1.Which of the following is the most suitable title of this passage?

　　A.New Entertainment Robots Produced in Japan.

　　B.QRIO the Robot Dancers.

　　C.Robots Mans Best Friend.

　　D.An Extraordinary Performance in Sonys Lab.

　　2.Yoshihiro Kuroki ______.

　　A.is excited when the robots are performing a traditional Japanese dance

　　B.keeps silent because he is a little unsatisfied with the new product

　　C.witnesses the creation of a series of entertainment robots

　　D.is an executive manager of Sony Corp.

　　3.Which aspect of the robots is NOT mentioned in the passage?

　　A.The vividness of their motion.

　　B.Their pleasant appearance.

　　C.Their smart designing principles.

　　D.Their communicative ability.

　　4.The Sony Dream Robot was___

　　A.the first human-like entertainment robot developed by the Sony Corp

　　B.as capable as the QRIO of speaking,dancing,singing and walking

　　C.largest among all the entertainment robot developed by the Sony Corp

　　D.the first entertainment robot sold at the market by the Sony Corp

　　5.The robot can locate colored balls by mens of ____

　　A.a charge-coupled device

　　B.two cameras

　　C.two contacts sensors

　　D.a digital detector

　　參考答案

　　1.[A]主旨大意題。標題需要既全面又突出地概括文章的主題。本文先是描述“舞蹈演員”，然后揭曉這是些“機器人”(第2段第1句)，接著對Sony公司的一些機器人產品進行詳細介紹。選項A比較全面地概括了文章內容。選項B、D只是涉及細節，不能全面地概括本文的內容。而C又過于籠統，不具有針對性。

　　2.[C]事實細節題。選項C符合第2段最后一句“He is the mastermind behind a series of... robots...”。仔細閱讀有關的`細節信息會發現,第1段第3句可幫助否定選項A。第1段最后兩句可幫助否定選項B。另外，根據第2段倒數第2句可否定選項D。

　　3.[D]事實細節題。全文分四段，分別討論機器人三方面的特點：第1段和第2段描述機器人舞蹈演員栩栩如生的表演，即選項A;第3段描寫它們的外表，即選項B;第4段介紹它們巧妙的設計，即選項C;只有選項D是沒有提到的，故為答案。

　　4.[A]推理判斷題。該句中的分詞結構“starting with...”表明the Sony Dream Robot是第一個人形娛樂機器人，因此選項A正確。文章在最后一段的第1句提到兩種能說話、跳舞的機器人，但沒有提到SDR是否和它們一樣，由此可否定選項B。在第3段討論機器人大小的時候也沒有提到SDR體型最大，因此選項C不正確。選項D在文中沒有討論到。

　　5.[B]事實細節題。該句中“two…cameras to...”的結構表明這兩個攝像頭可以用于定位，所以選項B正確。選項A在該句中也有提到，但它只是攝像機的工作機制，而不是用于定位的裝置。選項C在下一句提到，但與題干提到的定位功能無關。選項D在文中并未提及。

　　大學英語四級閱讀理解題及解析 5

　　The stone age, The Iron Age. Entire epochs have been named for materials. So what to call the decades ahead? The choice will be tough. Welcome to the age of superstuff. Material science -- once the least sexy technology – is bursting with new, practical discoveries led by superconducting ceramicsthat may revolutionize electronics. But superconductors are just part of the picture: from house and cars to cook pots and artificial teeth, the world will someday be made of different stuff. Exotic plastics, glass and ceramics willshape the future just as surely as have genetic engineering and computer science.

　　The key to the new materials is researchers’ increasing ability to manipulate substances at the molecular level. Ceramics, for example, have long been limited by their brittleness. But by minimizing the microscopic imperfections that cause it, scientists are making far stronger ceramics that still retain such qualities as hardness and heat resistance. Ford Motor Co. now uses ceramic tools to cut steel. A firm called Kyocera has created a line of ceramic scissors and knives that stay sharp for years and never rust or corrode.

　　A similar transformation has overtaken plastics. High-strength polymers now form bridges, ice-skating rinks and helicopter rotors. And one new plastic that generates electricity when vibrated or pushed is used in electric guitars, touch sensors for robot hands and karate jacketsthat automatically record each punch and chop. Even plastic litter, which once threatened to permanently blot the landscape, has proved amenable to molecular tinkering. Several manufacturers now make biodegradable forms; some plastic six-pack rings for example, gradually decompose when exposed to sunlight. Researchers are developing ways to make plastics as recyclable as metal or glass. Besides, composites – plastic reinforced with fibers of graphite or other compounds – made the round-the-world flight of the voyager possible and have even been proved in combat: a helmet saved an infantryman’s life by deflecting two bullets in the Grenada invasion.

　　Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiberoptic cable that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane.

　　But new materials have no impact until they are made into products. And that transition could prove difficult, for switching requires lengthy research and investment. It can be said a firmer handle on how to move to commercialization will determine the success or failure of a country in the near future.

　　1. How many new materials are mentioned in this passage?

　　[A] Two

　　[B] Three

　　[C] Four

　　[D] Five

　　2. Why does the author mention genetic engineering and computer science?

　　[A] To compare them with the new materials.

　　[B] To show the significance of the new materials on the future world.

　　[C] To compare the new materials to them.

　　[D] To explain his view point.

　　3. Why is transition difficult?

　　[A] Because transition requires money and time.

　　[B] Because many manufacturers are unwilling to change their equipment.

　　[C] Because research on new materials is very difficult.

　　[D]Because it takes 10 years.

　　4. Where lies success of a country in the New Age of superstuff?

　　[A] It lies in research.

　　[B] It lies in investment.

　　[C] It lies in innovation.

　　[D] It lies in application.

　　Vocabulary

　　1. superstuff 超級材料

　　2. superconducting ceramic 超導陶瓷

　　3. exotic 神奇的

　　4. shape 塑造，成型

　　5. brittleness 脆性

　　6. polymer 聚合體

　　7. karate jacket 空手道外衣

　　8. touch sensor 觸及傳感器

　　9. each punch and chop 每一個擊、打

　　10. blot 玷污，損害風景的東西

　　11. tinker 修補，調整

　　12. amendable 服從于，遵循的

　　13. biodegradable 能生物遞減分解的

　　14. six-pack rings 放六個罐子的環狀物

　　15. decompose 分解

　　16. recyclable 可循環(使用的)

　　17. infantryman 步兵

　　18. deflect 使偏斜，使轉向

　　19. a new twist 一個新的觀點，方法

　　難句譯注

　　1. Material science – once the least sexy technology – is bursting with new, practicaldiscoveries led by superconducting ceramics that may revolutionize electronics.

　　【參考譯文】材料科學，一度曾是最無吸引力(最不起眼)的技術，正以嶄新的，以超導陶瓷為首的種種實用性發明綻開新顏。這種超導陶瓷可能會使電子技術徹底改變。

　　2. Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiberopticcables that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane.

　　【參考譯文】有些高級材料是帶有新方法的老標準。最新全國電話的光纖電纜由玻璃制成。這種玻璃透明度極高，一片100英里厚的玻璃比一塊標準的窗框玻璃還要清晰透明。

　　寫作方法與文章大意

　　這是一篇介紹“超導材料”的'論說文,采用一般到具體的分類寫作手法。先指出未來時代的材料屬于超導，然后再提出三種超導材料，再逐一說明。

　　答案詳解

　　1. B 三種超導材料。答案再第一段最后一句“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷”。下面各段具體講這三種材料。第二段講陶瓷：“新材料之關鍵在于研究工作者不斷提高在分子水平上處理物質的能力。舉陶瓷為例，由于它的脆性，長期來應用范圍有限。但是通過改善導致脆性的微小缺陷，科學家制造出一種保持原有硬度和抗熱性，但堅實得多的陶瓷”。第三段講塑料。“類似的轉折發生在塑料上，高強度的塑料建成了橋梁、溜冰場、直升機的葉輪。一種震動或推動就能發電的新型塑料用于電子吉他上，觸及傳感塑料用于機械手和空手道外衣上，它能自動記錄每次擊打。”后面談及塑料垃圾可以處理，或者制造可分解還原的塑料制品。塑料內加入其他化合物加強性能。第四段講有些高級材料由新的改變，最新的光纖電纜由玻璃制成，透明度極高，100英里厚的一塊其清晰度比一塊普通窗玻璃還高。

　　2. B 說明這種新材料對未來世界的意義。答案在第一段：“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷一定會象生物工程和計算機一樣將改變世界。”A. 把它們和新材料相比較，這里不僅僅是比較，而是說明三者都具同樣的作用--改變世界。 C. 把新材料比作它們。也不僅僅是比喻比擬。與A一樣沒有說到核心電。D. 說明他的觀點。太籠統。

　　3. A 轉折需要錢和時間。見最后一段“可是新材料只有制成產品才有影響，而這個轉折可能很困難，因為轉折需要長期的研究和投資。可以這么說，在不久的將來，更牢牢地掌握如何把材料轉變成商品將決定一個國家之成敗。”B. 因為許多制造商不愿改變他們的設備。C. 因為新材料的研究非常困難。 D. 轉折要華上十年時間。這三項文內沒有涉及。

　　4. D 在超級材料時代已過之成功在于應用。A. 在于研究。B. 在于投資。C. 在于革新。這三項都是應用的部分前提。其中A和B文內提到，C項文內未涉及。

　　大學英語四級閱讀理解題及解析 6

　　Professor Smith recently persuaded 35 people, 23 of them women, to keep a diary of all their absent-mindedactions for a fortnight. When he came to analyse their embarrassing lapses(差錯)in a scientific report, hewas surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groupings, Nordid the lapses appear to be entirely random(隨機的).

　　One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her dog her earrings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear. "the explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer," explains the professor. "People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the woman’s custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her earrings. But somehow the action got reversed in the programme," About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these "programme assembly failures,"

　　Altogether the volunteers logged 433 unintentional actions that they found themselves doing---an average of twelve each, There appear to be peak periods in the day when we are at our zaniest(荒謬可笑的).These aretwo hours some time between eight a.m. and noon, between four and six p.m. with a smaller peak between eight and ten p.m."Among men the peak seems to be when a changeover in brain’ programmes’ occurs, as for instance between going to and from work." Women on average reported slightly more lapses----- 12.5 compared with 10.9 for men m probably because they were more reliable reporters.

　　A startling finding of the research is that the absent-minded activity is a hazard of doing things in which we are skilled. Normally, you would expect that skill reduces the number of errors we make. But trying to avoid silly slips by concentrating more could make things a lot worse m even dangerous.

　　練習題：

　　Choose correct answers to the question:

　　1. In his study Professor Smith asked the subjects ________

　　A. to keep track of people who tend too forget things

　　B. to report their embarrassing lapses at random

　　C. to analyse their awkward experiences scientifically

　　D. to keep a record of what they did unintentionally

　　2. Professor Smith discovered that ________

　　A. certain patterns can be identified in the recorded incidents

　　B. many people were too embarrassed to admit their absent-mindedness

　　C. men tend to be more absent-minded than women

　　D. absent-mindedness is an excusable human weakness

　　3. "Programme assembly failures" (Line 6, Para. 2) refers to the phenomenon that people ______

　　A. often fail to programme their routines beforehand

　　B. tend to make mistakes when they are in a hurry

　　C. unconsciously change the sequence of doing things

　　D. are likely to mess things up if they are too tired

　　4. We learn from the third paragraph that _______

　　A. absent-mindedness tends to occur during certain hours of the day

　　B. women are very careful to perform actions during peak periods

　　C. women experience more peak periods of absent-mindedness

　　D. men’s absent-mindedness often results in funny situations

　　5.It can be concluded from the passage that _____

　　A. people should avoid doing important things during peak periods of lapses

　　B. hazards can be avoided when people do things they are good at

　　C. people should be careful when programming their actions

　　D. lapses cannot always be attributed to lack of concentration

　　參考答案

　　1.[D] 事實細節題。本文第1句中的'to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions就是指to keep a record of what they did unintentionally,題目中的subjects指實驗對象，被測試者。

　　2.[A] 事實細節題。根據第2句中nearly all of them fell into a few groupings可以找到本題答案，題目中的discover是該句中find的同義詞,A的patterns與原文中的groupings意義相同。

　　3.[C] 語義題。根據第2段最后兩句提到,但是不知怎么的這種行為在程序中顛倒了。這些被測試者報告的事件中二十個中有一個屬于這種“流水線程序錯誤”。C的unconsciously與somehow對應,change the sequence of doing things與the action got reversed對應，故本題選C。

　　4.[A] 事實細節題。根據第3段的第2、3句“一天之中似乎存在一些人們易犯荒謬可笑錯誤的高峰時段”,之后到舉了幾個高峰時間，可知A與之相符。

　　5.[D] 推理判斷題。根據文章最后兩句“一般來說，我們會以為技術嫻熟可以減少錯誤。但是為了避免出現愚蠢的失誤而更加專注，只會把事情弄得更糟糕，甚至會導致危險。”可知D“差錯并不總是注意力不集中導致的” 正確。

　　大學英語四級閱讀理解題及解析 7

　　Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals. They are officially classified as harmful and farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them.

　　Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population. Hunting consists of pursuing a fox across the countryside, with a group of specially trained dogs, followed by men and women riding horses. When the dogs eventually catch the fox they kill it or a hunter shoots it.

　　People who take part in hunting think of as a sport; they wear a special uniform of red coats and white trousers, and follow strict codes of behavior. But owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive, so most hunters are wealthy.

　　It is estimated that up to 100,000 people watch or take part in fox hunting. But over the last couple of decades the number of people opposed to fox hunting, because they think it is brutal (殘酷的), has risen sharply. Nowadays it is rare for a hunt to pass off without some kind of confrontation (沖突) between hunters and hunt saboteurs (阻攔者). Sometimes these incidents lead to violence, but mostly saboteurs interfere with the hunt by misleading riders and disturbing the trail of the fox’s smell, which the dogs follow.

　　Noisy confrontations between hunters and saboteurs have become so common that they are almost as much a part of hunting as the pursuit of foxes itself. But this year supporters of fox hunting face a much bigger threat to their sport. A Labour Party Member of the Parliament, Mike Foster, is trying to get Parliament toapprove a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal. If the law is passed, wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain.

　　練習題：

　　Choose correct answers to the question:

　　1. Rich people in Britain have been hunting foxes ________.

　　A. for recreation

　　B. in the interests of the farmers

　　C. to limit the fox population

　　D. to show off their wealth

　　2. What is special about fox hunting in Britain?

　　A. It involves the use of a deadly poison.

　　B. It is a costly event which rarely occurs.

　　C. The hunters have set rules to follow.

　　D. The hunters have to go through strict training.

　　3. Fox hunting opponents often interfere in the game ________.

　　A. by resorting to violence

　　B. by confusing the fox hunters

　　C. by taking legal action

　　D. by demonstrating on the scene

　　4. A new law may be passed by the British Parliament to ________.

　　A. prohibit farmers from hunting foxes

　　B. forbid hunting foxes with dogs

　　C. stop hunting wild animals in the countryside

　　D. prevent large-scale fox hunting

　　5. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

　　A. killing foxes with poison is illegal

　　B. limiting the fox population is unnecessary

　　C. hunting foxes with dogs is considered cruel and violent

　　D. fox-hunting often leads to confrontation between the poor and the rich

　　參考答案

　　1.[A] 事實細節題。根據第3段第1句的.前半部分People who take part in hunting think of it as a sport可知，參加捕殺的人們把獵殺狐貍當成是一種運動，A與之相符。

　　2.[C] 事實細節題。根據第3段首句末尾說，凡是參加的人都要遵循嚴格的行為準則，C “獵手已建立起需要遵循的規則”與之相符，故選C。

　　3.[B] 事實細節題。第4段末句提到，在大部分情況下，阻攔者利用為騎馬的人引錯路和進行氣味干擾來干涉捕獵，B與之相符，故選B。

　　4.[B] 事實細節題。文章倒數第2句提及，督促議會通過一項新法案,將帶狗獵殺野生動物列為非法。而狐貍是野生動物的一種，故選B。

　　5.[C] 推斷題。.根據第4段第2句后半部分可知，反對捕獵狐貍的人數在上升是因為他們認為捕獵狐貍是殘酷的，故選C。

　　大學英語四級閱讀理解題及解析 8

　　“The worlds environment is surprisingly healthy. Discuss.”If that were an examination topic, most students would tear it apart. offering a long list of complaints: from local smog (煙霧) to global climate change, from the felling(砍伐) of forests to the extinction of species. The list would largely be accurate,the concern legitimate. Yet the students who should be given the highest marks would actually be those who agreed with the statement. The surprise is how good things are, not how bad.

　　After all. the worlds population has more than tripled during this century, and world output has risen hugely. so you would expect the earth itself to have been affected. Indeed, if people lived, consumed and produced things in the same way as they did in 1900 (or 1950. or indeed 1980), the world by now would be a pretty disgusting place: smelly, dirty. toxic and dangerous.

　　But they dont. The reasons why they dont. and why the environment has not been ruined. have to do with prices. technological innovation, social change and government regulation in response to popular pressure. That is why todays environmental problems in the poor countries ought. in principle, to be solvable.

　　Raw materials have not run out. and show no sign of doing so. Logically. one day they must: the planet is a finite place. Yet it is also very big. and man is very ingenious. What has happened is chat every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and. in response. people have looked for new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute. For this reason prices for energy and for minerals have fallen in real terms during the century. The same is true for food. Prices fluctuate, in response to harvests. natural disasters and political instability; and when they rise, it takes some time before new sources of supply become available. But they always do. assisted by new farming and crop technology. The long-term trend has been downwards.

　　It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this benign (良性的) trend begins to scumble, and the genuine problems arise. Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy. If no one owns the resource concerned. no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it: fish is the best example of this.

　　1.According to the author, most students_________________.

　　A) believe the worlds environment is in an undesirable condition

　　B) agree that the environment of the world is not as bad as it is thought to be

　　C) get high marks for their good knowledge of the worlds environment

　　D) appear somewhat unconcerned about the state of the worlds environment

　　2.The huge increase in world production and population________________.

　　A) has made the world a worse place to live in

　　B) has had a positive influence on che environment

　　C) has not significantly affected the environment

　　D) has made the world a dangerous place to live in

　　3.One of the reasons why the long-term trend of prices bas been downwards is that__________.

　　A) technological innovation can promote social stability

　　B) political instability will cause consumption io drop

　　C) new farming and crop technology can lead to overproduction

　　D) new sources are always becoming available

　　4.Fish resources are diminishing because_________________.

　　A) no new substitutes can be found in large quantities

　　B) they are not owned by any particular entity

　　C) improper methods of fishing have ruined che fishing grounds

　　D) water pollution is extremely serious

　　5.The primary solution to environmental problems is_______________.

　　A) to allow market forces to operate properly

　　B) to curb consumption of natural resources

　　C) to limit the growth of the world population

　　D) to avoid fluctuations in prices

　　答案：

　　1.作者認為，大部分學生__________________。

　　A)相信全球環境現在是糟糕的

　　B)同意全球環境沒有人們想象的那么糟糕

　　C)在關于全球環境知識上掌握得很好，取得了很高的分數

　　D)對全球環境表現出不關心的態度

　　[A]根據文章第1段前兩句“如果以《全球環境狀況非常好》作為考試題，大多數學生會將試卷撕碎，并列出一大堆的抱怨，從煙霧到全球氣候變暖，從砍伐森林到物種滅絕”，由此可推斷，大多數學生認為全球環境并不令人滿意。因此,A正確。

　　2.世界生產力和人口的激增，_________________。

　　A)使得這個世界的居住環境更加糟糕

　　B)已經對環境造成了正面的影響

　　C)并沒有嚴重地影響環境

　　D)使得世界的居住環境更加危險

　　[C]根據文章第2段全段和第3段首句“本世紀，全球人口增加了三倍多，全球產量也有巨大的增長，因此你可能會認為地球會受到影響。的確.如果人們還像1900年或1950年甚至1980年那樣居住，消費和生產，那么到現在，地球很可能是一個令人厭惡的地方但人們沒有這樣做”，注意此處的虛擬語氣，由此可推斷產量和人口的增加并沒有對全球環境造成太大的'影響，故此，應選C。

　　3.從長期來看，價格是下降的，其中的一個原因是_____________。

　　A)技術創新促進了社會穩定型

　　B)政治的不穩定性會導致消費下降

　　C)新的農耕和作物技術會導致過度生產

　　D)總能獲得新的資源

　　[D]根據文章第4段第4、5句“每次當一種資源似乎就要匱乏時，價格就會上升，相應地，人們會尋找新的資源，想方設法找到節省資源的方法或者尋找新的替代品。正因為如此，本世紀能源和礦產品的價格實質上已經下降了一，故應選D。

　　4.魚類資源在減少，因為___________________。

　　A)沒有大量的新替代品

　　B)魚類資源不屬于任何一個實體

　　C)不當的捕魚方法損壞了漁區

　　D)水質污染非常嚴重

　　[B]根據文章最后一段第2、3句“市場并不能總是保持環境的健康發展。如果相關的資源不屬于任何人，人們就沒有興趣保護它、培養它。魚類資源就是一個最好的例子”，因此，可推斷B正是魚類減少的原因。

　　5.解決環境問題的主要辦法是_________________。

　　A)讓市場力量恰當地運作

　　B)減步自然資源的消耗

　　C)限制世界人口增長

　　D)避免價格波動

　　[A]根據文章展后一段第1句“在價格和市場手段不能正常運轉的地方，這種良性的趨勢就會動搖，就會出現環境能源等問題”，故此，讓市場價格手段正常地發揮作用才是解決環境問題的方法，A與文章的意思相符，故而正確。

　　大學英語四級閱讀理解題及解析 9

　　原文

　　In developed countries, educated people increasingly work longer hours than the less well-educated. Some 65% of American men with a college degree work more than 40 hours a week, compared with 52% of men with only a high-school diploma. This gap is growing. The rich are working longer because technology and globalization have made their skills more valuable. Meanwhile, low-skilled workers are seeing their wages and hours cut. Population aging is also pushing up the average working week. As more people delay retirement, they are likely to work longer hours.

　　The trend has important implications. For individuals, working longer can mean higher incomes but also more stress. For society, it may widen the gap between the rich and the poor. Governments need to consider how to balance the benefits of longer working hours for skilled workers against the risks of increased inequality.

　　題目

　　What is the trend in working hours in developed countries?

　　A. Less educated people work longer.

　　B. Educated people work fewer hours.

　　C. The working hour gap between educated and less educated is expanding.

　　D. Most people work more than 40 hours a week.

　　Why do skilled workers work longer hours?

　　A. They enjoy their jobs more.

　　B. Their skills are more in demand due to technology and globalization.

　　C. They need to support their families.

　　D. They want to delay retirement.

　　What impact does population aging have on working hours?

　　A. It shortens the average working week.

　　B. It pushes up the average working week.

　　C. It has no effect on working hours.

　　D. It makes people retire earlier.

　　What is a negative consequence of the trend for society?

　　A. Higher unemployment rate.

　　B. Wider wealth gap.

　　C. More social conflicts.

　　D. Decreased productivity.

　　What should governments do according to the passage?

　　A. Force skilled workers to work fewer hours.

　　B. Provide more jobs for low-skilled workers.

　　C. Balance the benefits and risks of longer working hours.

　　D. Encourage early retirement.

　　答案

　　46.C 47.B 48.B 49.B 50.C

　　解析

　　46 題：定位第一段第三句 “This gap is growing”，“gap” 對應選項 C 中的 “working hour gap”，“growing” 與 “expanding” 同義替換，故選 C。

　　47 題：根據第一段第四句 “The rich are working longer because technology and globalization have made their skills more valuable”，直接匹配選項 B 的表述，因果關系一致，故選 B。

　　48 題：定位第一段倒數第二句 “Population aging is also pushing up the average working week”，原文復現選項 B 的核心信息，故選 B。

　　49 題：第二段第二句提到 “it may widen the gap between the rich and the poor”，“widen the gap” 與選項 B “Wider wealth gap” 同義，故選 B。

　　50 題：第二段最后一句 “Governments need to consider how to balance the benefits...against the risks”，直接對應選項 C，故選 C。

　　第二篇：選詞填空（糧食危機）

　　原文

　　The world is facing a potential food crisis. A new study warns that the rate of crop yield growth is (51) ______ in many countries. Compared with the 1980s, the growth rate of grain production in the 1990s and 2000s has (52) ______. What is more (53) ______ is that the slowdown is more severe in populous countries. Wheat and rice yields, which are crucial for food security, are growing at a (54) ______ rate than before. Experts (55) ______ that the current assumptions about future food production may be overly optimistic.

　　選項

　　A. declining B. alarming C. slower D. fallen E. warn

　　F. rising G. steadily H. slightly I. predict J. concerning

　　答案

　　51.A 52.D 53.B 54.C 55.E

　　解析

　　51 題：根據上下文 “food crisis”“slowdown”，此處需表 “下降” 的詞，“is declining”（正在下降）符合時態和語義，故選 A。

　　52 題：前文提到 “growth rate”，此處需完成時謂語動詞，“has fallen”（已經下降）符合邏輯，與 “declining” 形成語義呼應，故選 D。

　　53 題：修飾 “what is more” 后的.內容，“alarming”（令人擔憂的）對應 “more severe in populous countries” 的負面語境，故選 B。

　　54 題：后文 “than before” 提示比較級，“slower rate”（更低的速度）符合 “slowdown” 的核心話題，故選 C。

　　55 題：此處需謂語動詞，“warn”（警告）與后文 “overly optimistic” 形成語義匹配，且符合專家的身份，故選 E。

　　大學英語四級閱讀理解題及解析 10

　　原文

　　Pew Research Center surveys show that most people believe women are just as intelligent and innovative as men. However, women are still underrepresented in top leadership positions. Why? Some experts argue that women’s failures in leadership may be related to family responsibilities. Many women have to balance work and childcare, which can limit their career advancement.

　　Another factor is gender bias. Even though attitudes towards women leaders have improved, some people still hold traditional views that men are more suitable for leadership roles. There are opposing opinions on whether women make good leaders. Some studies show that women leaders are more likely to prioritize teamwork and communication, while others believe men are more decisive.

　　To promote gender equality in leadership, societies need to address family-friendly policies and challenge gender stereotypes. Companies should provide more flexible work arrangements and equal opportunities for promotion.

　　題目

　　What do Pew Research Center surveys reveal?

　　A. Women are less intelligent than men.

　　B. Women are as intelligent and innovative as men.

　　C. Men are more suitable for leadership.

　　D. Women are better at teamwork.

　　Why do women face difficulties in leadership positions?

　　A. They lack professional skills.

　　B. They are not decisive enough.

　　C. Family responsibilities and gender bias.

　　D. They are not supported by their families.

　　What is a characteristic of women leaders according to some studies?

　　A. They value teamwork and communication.

　　B. They are more ambitious.

　　C. They are less emotional.

　　D. They focus more on personal success.

　　What do some people still believe about leadership?

　　A. Women should not work outside the home.

　　B. Men are more suitable for leadership roles.

　　C. Women leaders are more effective.

　　D. Leadership has nothing to do with gender.

　　What should societies do to promote gender equality in leadership?

　　A. Force companies to hire more women leaders.

　　B. Ignore traditional views on gender.

　　C. Improve family-friendly policies and challenge stereotypes.

　　D. Encourage women to give up family responsibilities.

　　答案

　　51.B 52.C 53.A 54.B 55.C

　　解析

　　51 題：定位第一段首句 “most people believe women are just as intelligent and innovative as men”，選項 B 與原文完全一致，故選 B。

　　52 題：第一段第三句提到 “related to family responsibilities”，第二段首句指出 “Another factor is gender bias”，選項 C 概括了兩個核心原因，故選 C。

　　53 題：第二段最后一句 “women leaders are more likely to prioritize teamwork and communication”，“prioritize” 與選項 A “value” 同義，故選 A。

　　54 題：第二段第二句 “some people still hold traditional views that men are more suitable for leadership roles”，選項 B 直接復現原文，故選 B。

　　55 題：最后一段首句 “need to address family-friendly policies and challenge gender stereotypes”，選項 C 與原文表述一致，故選 C。

　　大學英語四級閱讀理解題及解析 11

　　原文

　　A. Many people avoid arguments because they fear conflict. However, avoiding disagreement can prevent your business and career from advancing. Constructive debates can help teams make better decisions.

　　B. To foster a culture of debate, leaders should encourage people to disagree and argue freely. This creates an open environment where new ideas can emerge.

　　C. The purpose of holding a debate is not to win or lose, but to find out the truth about an issue. By exchanging different views, participants can gain a deeper understanding of the problem.

　　D. In friendly debates, participants take care not to hurt each other’s feelings. They focus on the issue rather than personal attacks.

　　E. After a successful debate, it is important to acknowledge the contribution of all participants. This shows respect and encourages future collaboration.

　　F. Debate skills are essential in many fields, such as law, politics, and business. They help people express their views clearly and persuade others.

　　G. Some people are afraid of being judged during debates. However, overcoming this fear can boost confidence and improve communication skills.

　　題目

　　Avoiding arguments may hinder your professional development.

　　Leaders should create an environment that encourages disagreement.

　　The goal of a debate is to discover the truth of a matter.

　　Friendly debaters focus on the issue and avoid hurting others.

　　It is necessary to recognize the contributions of debate participants.

　　答案

　　61.A 62.B 63.C 64.D 65.E

　　解析

　　61 題：題干 “hinder your professional development” 與 A 段 “prevent your business and career from advancing” 同義替換，核心語義一致，故選 A。

　　62 題：題干 “encourages disagreement” 與 B 段 “encourage people to disagree and argue freely” 直接匹配，故選 B。

　　63 題：題干 “goal...to discover the truth” 與 C 段 “purpose...to find out the truth” 同義，“matter” 對應 “issue”，故選 C。

　　64 題：題干 “focus on the issue and avoid hurting others” 與 D 段 “focus on the issue rather than personal attacks”“take care not to hurt each other’s feelings” 語義一致，故選 D。

　　65 題：題干 “recognize the contributions” 與 E 段 “acknowledge the contribution” 同義替換，故選 E。

　　大學英語四級閱讀理解題及解析 12

　　原文

　　Marriage vows often promise “till death do us part,” but not all marriages last. Research shows that marriage can have a positive impact on health, but divorce can be harmful. People who are divorced are more likely to suffer from serious health problems than those who are married. This may be because divorced people often lack social support and have higher levels of stress.

　　Women are more vulnerable to the negative effects of divorce. They are more likely to experience financial difficulties and emotional distress. Society should provide more support for divorced women, such as counseling services and financial assistance.

　　Married people, on the other hand, tend to live longer. They have someone to encourage healthy habits and provide care during illness. However, not all marriages are beneficial. Unhappy marriages can also lead to poor health, as constant conflict causes stress and anxiety.

　　題目

　　What does research show about marriage and health?

　　A. Marriage has no impact on health.

　　B. Marriage can benefit health.

　　C. Divorce is better for health than an unhappy marriage.

　　D. Married people always live longer.

　　Why are divorced people more likely to have health problems?

　　A. They have more free time.

　　B. They lack social support and face more stress.

　　C. They are more likely to engage in unhealthy habits.

　　D. They have financial problems.

　　Who is more affected by the negative effects of divorce?

　　A. Men.

　　B. Women.

　　C. Children.

　　D. The elderly.

　　What should society do for divorced women?

　　A. Provide more support and assistance.

　　B. Encourage them to remarry.

　　C. Ignore their difficulties.

　　D. Blame them for the divorce.

　　What can we learn about unhappy marriages?

　　A. They are better than divorce.

　　B. They can also cause poor health.

　　C. They have no impact on mental health.

　　D. They always lead to divorce.

　　答案

　　56.B 57.B 58.B 59.A 60.B

　　大學英語四級閱讀理解題及解析 13

　　Passage One

　　We all take a little extra effort to look nice for special occasions. But does what we wear actually influence how we perform or how others perceive us? Science says yes. The right outfit can give us a subtle edge in various situations, from job interviews to daily work interactions.

　　Research has shown that clothing affects not just others’ impressions of us, but also our own psychological states. For example, wearing clothes that we perceive as "powerful" can boost our confidence and even enhance our cognitive abilities. This phenomenon is known as "enclothed cognition". When we put on clothes associated with competence, we start to behave in ways that align with that perception.

　　The impact of clothing on social interactions is also significant. People tend to form initial judgments based on appearance within seconds. A well-groomed look often leads others to assume positive traits such as reliability and professionalism. However, overly formal attire might create distance in casual social settings. On the contrary, casual clothes can make people feel more approachable, fostering more natural and relaxed communication.

　　Certain clothing styles have become closely linked to specific outcomes. Tailored jackets, for instance, are commonly associated with being "dressed for success". Studies have found that people wearing such jackets are more likely to adopt a strategic mindset, which is particularly beneficial in business negotiations or important meetings. This is because the clothing triggers a mental association with professionalism and achievement.

　　What does science suggest the right dress may do?

　　A) Add to our advantage in work and life.

　　B) Make us more popular among colleagues.

　　C) Help us make more friends in social settings.

　　D) Improve our physical health indirectly.

　　Why does the clothes people wear affect their interaction with others?

　　A) Because it changes others’ physical reactions to them.

　　B) By impacting how we feel about ourselves.

　　C) Because it determines others’ educational background judgment.

　　D) By changing the way others communicate languages.

　　How do tailored jackets help people in business?

　　A) They make people look more attractive.

　　B) They help people save time in negotiations.

　　C) They enable people to have the right mentality for doing business.

　　D) They allow people to gain more trust from partners easily.

　　What is the effect of overly formal attire in casual social settings?

　　A) It may make people feel stressed.

　　B) It might create distance between people.

　　C) It will make people look unconfident.

　　D) It may lead to misunderstandings.

　　What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A) The history of formal clothing development.

　　B) How clothing influences people’s states and interactions.

　　C) The differences between formal and casual clothes.

　　D) Tips on choosing appropriate clothes for different occasions.

　　答案及解析

　　A。細節題。根據第一段最后一句 “The right outfit can give us a subtle edge in various situations, from job interviews to daily work interactions” 可知，合適的著裝能在求職面試到日常工作溝通等多種場景中為我們帶來些許優勢，對應 A 選項 “增加我們在工作和生活中的優勢”。

　　B。細節題。由第二段第一句 “Research has shown that clothing affects not just others’ impressions of us, but also our own psychological states” 及后文 enclothed cognition 的解釋可知，著裝會影響自身心理狀態，進而影響與他人的互動，B 選項符合文意。

　　C。細節題。根據第四段 “Studies have found that people wearing such jackets are more likely to adopt a strategic mindset, which is particularly beneficial in business negotiations” 可知，西裝外套能讓人形成適合商務場景的'戰略思維，即擁有開展商務活動的合適心態，C 選項正確。

　　B。細節題。第三段明確提到 “overly formal attire might create distance in casual social settings”，即過于正式的著裝在休閑社交場合可能會產生距離感，B 選項為原文同義轉述。

　　B。主旨題。文章圍繞著裝展開，先后闡述著裝對自身心理狀態和與他人互動兩方面的影響，B 選項全面概括文章核心內容，其余選項均未涵蓋文章主旨。

　　大學英語四級閱讀理解題及解析 14

　　Passage

　　A. The process of extracting juice from fruits will destroy some natural nutrients that are hard to be preserved.B. Many consumers are willing to pay premium prices for fruit and vegetable juices as they believe in their health benefits.C. Whole fruits are rich in fibre, while fruit juice loses most of the fibre during processing.D. A research paper published in a medical journal points out that moderate consumption of fruit juice can bring certain health benefits.E. Some health bloggers claim that juice detox programs can eliminate toxins from the body, which has attracted many followers.F. Fibre-rich diets are closely related to reducing the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease and diabetes.G. An nutrition expert argues that juicing discards a lot of nutrients that exist in fruit peels and pulp.H. The booming juice industry has driven many farmers to switch to growing fruits suitable for juicing.I. Studies consistently show that excessive intake of fruit juice leads to calorie surplus, which is harmful to health.J. The digestion of whole fruit requires breaking down its cell structure, which slows down the absorption of fructose.K. The promotion of juice’s health value has made the industry highly profitable in recent years.L. Contrary to the idea that juice can reduce appetite, studies prove it does not decrease people’s consumption of other foods.M. Choosing fully ripe fruits for juicing can maximize the nutritional value of the juice obtained.

　　Questions

　　Fruit juice is different from whole fruit in that it contains much less fibre.

　　Some people believe a juice diet helps to rid our body of harmful or poisonous substances.

　　A lot of research comes to the same conclusion that fruit juice does harm to the human body when it leads to surplus calories.

　　The claimed health benefits of fruit and vegetable juices have rendered the industry very profitable.

　　To increase the benefits of fruit juice to our health, we’d better choose ripe fruit to make juice.

　　Diets containing large amounts of fibre reduce the risk of heart disease, diabetes and other health hazards.

　　Drinking fruit juice is beneficial on condition that it is consumed in reasonable amounts.

　　One expert claims that juicing wastes a lot of nutrients contained in fruits.

　　It takes some time for fruit’s cells to be digested and for fructose to be absorbed.

　　A lot of research has demonstrated that drinking fruit juice does not reduce our daily consumption of other foods.

　　答案及解析

　　C。題干核心信息為果汁和完整水果的區別是纖維少，C 選項提到完整水果富含纖維，果汁加工中流失大部分纖維，與之匹配。

　　E。題干講部分人認為果汁飲食能排出體內有害物質，E 選項提到健康博主稱果汁排毒能清除毒素，吸引眾多追隨者，二者內容一致。

　　I。題干指出大量研究認為果汁導致熱量過剩時對身體有害，I 選項明確過量攝入果汁導致熱量過剩危害健康，研究結論相符，相互匹配。

　　K。題干表明果蔬汁宣稱的.健康益處讓行業盈利豐厚，K 選項提到對果汁健康價值的推廣使該行業近年利潤可觀，信息對應。

　　M。題干建議選成熟水果榨汁提升果汁健康價值，M 選項指出選完全成熟水果榨汁能最大化果汁營養價值，表述一致。

　　F。題干說高纖維飲食降低心臟病、糖尿病等患病風險，F 選項提到高纖維飲食與降低心臟病等慢性病風險密切相關，相互匹配。

　　D。題干強調適量喝果汁有益，D 選項提到醫學期刊論文指出適度飲用果汁有一定健康益處，內容相符。

　　G。題干講專家稱榨汁浪費水果中大量營養，G 選項指出營養專家認為榨汁丟棄果皮和果肉中的諸多營養，信息對應。

　　J。題干表明水果細胞消化和果糖吸收需耗時，J 選項提到完整水果消化需破壞細胞結構，會減緩果糖吸收，表述一致。

　　L。題干指出研究證明喝果汁不會減少其他食物攝入量，L 選項提到研究證實果汁不會降低人們對其他食物的消耗，相互匹配。

　　大學英語四級閱讀理解題及解析 15

　　Passage

　　Why do people keep buying bottled water despite its negative impact on the environment? The answer lies in a mix of marketing tricks and human psychology.

　　A litre of tap water costs less than half a penny, while a litre of bottled water can cost well over a pound, especially for premium brands. Yet sales in the UK reached a record 558.4 million last year, even as people become more aware of plastic pollution. This contradiction exists because clever marketing often beats rational thinking. Many ads highlight purity and convenience, making bottled water seem a healthier choice than tap water.

　　The environmental cost is staggering. Producing and shipping plastic water bottles uses huge amounts of fossil fuels. Moreover, most plastic bottles end up in landfills or oceans, causing long-term damage to ecosystems. San Francisco has taken action by banning single-use bottles from city property and events, setting an example for other cities.

　　Some big companies are adapting to the criticism. PepsiCo, which owns several bottled water brands, bought SodaStream—a company selling machines that turn tap water into bubbly drinks. It also launched reusable bottles that work with tap water and flavour packets. These moves show that companies are starting to respond to environmental and health concerns.

　　However, changing consumer habits is not easy. People’s preference for bottled water is deeply rooted in the convenience it offers. Carrying a bottle around is easier than finding a water fountain, a common sight in cities before bottled water gained popularity. To reduce plastic waste, experts suggest increasing the number of public water fountains and encouraging the use of reusable containers.

　　Why do people buy bottled water despite its high price?

　　A) Tap water is often unavailable in many places.

　　B) Clever marketing makes it seem a better choice.

　　C) It is cheaper than other bottled drinks.

　　D) It tastes much better than tap water.

　　What is the environmental cost of bottled water mentioned in the passage?

　　A) It pollutes the soil and air severely.

　　B) It leads to a shortage of drinking water.

　　C) Its production and shipping consume lots of fossil fuels.

　　D) It destroys the habitats of land animals.

　　What action did PepsiCo take to respond to criticism?

　　A) It stopped producing bottled water completely.

　　B) It bought a company that produces tap water flavourings.

　　C) It launched reusable bottles matching tap water and flavour packets.

　　D) It donated money to environmental protection organizations.

　　What was common in cities before bottled water became popular?

　　A) Public water fountains.

　　B) Plastic recycling stations.

　　C) Free tap water stalls.

　　D) Eco-friendly drink shops.

　　What do experts suggest to reduce plastic waste from bottled water?

　　A) Raising the price of bottled water.

　　B) Banning bottled water nationwide.

　　C) Promoting reusable containers and more public fountains.

　　D) Educating consumers on plastic pollution through media.

　　答案及解析

　　B。細節題。根據第二段 “clever marketing often beats rational thinking. Many ads highlight purity and convenience, making bottled water seem a healthier choice” 可知，巧妙的營銷讓瓶裝水看起來是更好的.選擇，這是人們不顧高價購買的原因，B 選項正確。

　　C。細節題。第三段明確提到 “Producing and shipping plastic water bottles uses huge amounts of fossil fuels”，即瓶裝水的生產和運輸消耗大量化石燃料，這是其帶來的環境成本，C 選項符合文意。

　　C。細節題。第四段指出百事公司收購 SodaStream，并推出可重復使用的瓶子，適配自來水和調味包，C 選項為其中一項舉措，符合題意。

　　A。細節題。最后一段提到 “a common sight in cities before bottled water gained popularity” 指代前文的 water fountains，即瓶裝水流行前，城市里常見公共飲水機，A 選項正確。

　　C。細節題。文章末尾專家建議 “increasing the number of public water fountains and encouraging the use of reusable containers”，C 選項是該建議的同義轉述。

　　大學英語四級閱讀理解題及解析 16

　　Passage

　　The CA scan, short for Computerized Axial Tomography, is a revolutionary medical imaging technology. Unlike regular X-rays that only show flat images, CA scans provide 360-degree cross-sectional views of the body’s internal structures. This makes it easier for doctors to detect diseases and injuries that are hard to spot with traditional X-rays.

　　Doctors rely on CA scans to diagnose a wide range of conditions, from brain tumors to broken bones. For example, in emergency rooms, CA scans can quickly show if a patient has internal bleeding after an accident. The process involves sending a thin beam of X-rays to scan the body and rotating around the patient from multiple angles. A computer then analyzes the data and produces clear images on a screen.

　　However, CA scans are not without drawbacks. They expose patients to higher doses of radiation than regular X-rays. Long-term or frequent exposure to such radiation may increase the risk of certain diseases. To reduce this risk, doctors usually only recommend CA scans when necessary. They also take steps like adjusting the radiation dose based on a patient’s age and body size.

　　Another challenge is the cost. CA scan machines are expensive to buy and maintain, which makes the procedure more costly than other imaging tests. Despite these issues, the CA scan remains an essential tool in modern medicine. It saves countless lives by enabling early and accurate diagnosis.

　　What is the advantage of CA scans over regular X-rays?

　　A) They are much cheaper.

　　B) They provide 360-degree cross-sectional views.

　　C) They expose patients to no radiation.

　　D) They can be done more quickly.

　　Why are CA scans widely used in emergency rooms?

　　A) They can quickly detect internal bleeding after accidents.

　　B) They are easy to operate even for new doctors.

　　C) They are the cheapest imaging tool.

　　D) They cause no pain to patients.

　　What is a drawback of CA scans?

　　A) They can’t detect brain tumors.