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            職稱英語考試復習最全的單詞記憶法

            時間:2020-12-03 18:36:09 職稱英語 我要投稿

            2016年職稱英語考試復習最全的單詞記憶法

              詞匯選擇是職稱英語中第一個考試項目, 它考察應試者在一定語境下對單詞或短語的理解。從表面上,這是詞匯的考題,實際上這是一種最簡單的閱讀理解題。這里要給大家澄清一個概念,任何一種語言的語義最小單元是句子,而不是詞。但是詞匯或短語的理解對于句子的理解起著重要的作用。

            2016年職稱英語考試復習最全的單詞記憶法

              詞匯不足的人在英文聽、說、讀、寫各方面的能力都會受到嚴重限制。一般大多數人認為背單詞既吃力,又成效不大。實際上,若能采用適當的方法,不僅可以縮短擴大詞匯量所需的時間,并且能提高記憶單詞的質量。下面在本課的第一部分向大家推薦六種單詞記憶法,僅供參考。

              一、結合記憶法

              將比較生疏,不常用的單詞放入一定的語言環境——句子中,結合句意來記憶單詞。遇到此單詞時,若詞義忘記,則可通過回憶所在句子的意思來記憶單詞。例如:

              slope

              n. ①傾斜;坡度;斜度

              There is always a certain slope in a ship's deck. 船的甲板總有幾分傾斜。

              ②斜面;斜坡

              We climbed the steep slope of the hill. 我們爬了那座陡峭的斜坡。

              vi. 傾斜。

              The railroad slopes up slightly at this point. 鐵路在此處有輕微的傾斜。

              critical

              adj. ①批評(性)的`,吹毛求疵的

              I don't like people who are too critical about everything. 我不喜歡對每件事都太吹毛求疵的人。

              ②緊要的,關鍵的;危急的

              His condition is reported as being very critical. 據報告他的情況非常危急。

              通過此法來掌握詞匯,既有助于記住單詞本身的拼寫、拼讀,又可同時熟悉詞的詞義、詞性、用法和搭配,比孤立地背記單詞效果要好。

              二、同類記憶法

              將同類詞匯收集在一起,同時背記。注意,同類詞匯與同義詞不同:同義詞是指意思相同,而同類詞是指基本屬性相同、具體意義的層次,級別或范圍不同的一類詞匯。

              如headmaster和principal是同義詞,都表示,“中小學校長”;president和chancellor是同義詞,都表示大專院校“校長”。這兩組詞是同類詞匯,都表示“校長”,但具體級別不同,所以兩組詞不是同義詞。

              再如bachelor(學士)、master(碩士),doctor (博士)三個詞都表示學位授予的情況,但具體級別不同,所以這三個詞也是一組同類詞匯。

              這樣,將同類詞匯放在一起記憶,當遇到其中一個詞時,頭腦中出現的就是一組詞,效率大大提高了。

              三、比較記憶法

              把同義詞或形似詞放在一起,加以區別。記憶的過程是一組組,一對對單詞同時記憶。職稱英語中有很大一部分都是對同義詞或近義詞的考察,需要平時進行記憶和積累。

              例題1:The researchers have just completed a study of driving situations.

              A. started

              B. finished

              C. changed

              D. made

              答案:B

              例題2:Michael is now merely a good friend.

              A. largely

              B. possibly

              C. just

              D. rarely

              答案:C

              Merely/ only/ just

              四、構詞法記憶法

              通過掌握構詞法來記憶單詞。英語主要有三種構詞法:

              1)轉化,即由一個詞類轉化為另一個詞類。例如:

              picture (n)畫-picture (v)描繪

              water (n)水-water (v)澆水

              例題1: He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct.

              A. behavior

              B. style

              C. mode

              D. attitude

              答案:A

              解釋:

              Conduct (v.)引導,管理,為人,傳導

              Conduct (n.)操守,行為

              Conductor (n.)列車員,售票員,指揮者,導體等

              Semi-conductor 半導體

              例題2:The ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank.(2004年職稱英語衛生類C級)

              A. suffer

              B. accept

              C. receive

              D. endure

              答案:D

              解釋:

              bear (n.)熊

              bear (v.)負擔, 忍受, 帶給, 具有, 擠

              2)派生,即通過加前綴或后綴構成另一個詞,例如:

              happy→ unhappy(加前綴) happiness(加后綴)

              例題1: The workers in that factory manufacture furniture. (2003年職稱英語衛生類C級)

              A. promote

              B. paint

              C. polish

              D. produce

              答案:D

              例題2: Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is a still needed. (2003年職稱英語衛生類C級)

              A. mental

              B. physical

              C. natural

              D. hard

              答案:B

              man-, manu- =hand

              manage(管理), manual(體力的,手冊), manuscript(手寫稿), manufacture(生產), manumit(釋放)

              例題3:About one million Americans are diagnosed,annually with skin cancer. (2004年職稱英語衛生類C級)

              A. every year

              B. severely

              C. actively

              D. every month

              答案:A

              Ann= year

              Anniversaire (French)

              Anniversary, annals(編年史), annuity(年金)

              3)合成,即由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞。例如:

              wood(木) cut(刻)→ woodcut(木刻)

              pea(豌豆) nuts(堅果)→ peanut(花生)

              例題1: In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.

              A. judgement

              B. result

              C. decision

              D. event

              答案:B

              五、根義記憶法

              利用根義代替記憶多義,可以解決“沒有生詞”卻老讀不懂的問題。

              比如要問immediate(ly)是否已記住,回答當然是肯定的。那么就請看下面三個“沒有生詞”的片段:

              a) The woman walks immediately behind the car.

              b) She is my immediate neighbor.

              c) the immediate cause

              若沒有讀懂,那么就請看immediate(ly)根義

              中間沒有間隔(地)

              1)(時間)立刻;

              2)(空間)緊挨,通接,緊跟,

              3)(關系)直接

              例題1:He will leave immediately.

              A. far away

              B. right away

              C. right here

              D. soon

              答案:B

              例題2:Can you follow the plot?

              A. change (www.yingyukaoshi.com0

              B. investigate

              C. understand

              D. write

              答案:C

              請看下面幾句中的follow 分別都是什么意思?

              She went into the building, followed by a group of students.

              The teacher says that everybody should follow the rule here.

              I'm sorry, but I can't follow you.

              六、幾組對容易混淆詞進行特別記憶

              (1)有些字可當形容詞又可當副詞,例如: early; past; half; long; straight; fast; hard; quick; deep; slow; pretty; awful; wrong; right; high; late; hourly; early; weekly; etc.

              We had an early breakfast. (形容詞)

              We went by a fast train. (形容詞)

              We had breakfast early. (副詞)

              Don't speak so fast.(副詞)

              (2)有些形容詞變為副詞, 可在字尾加ly, 也可以不加, 不過在字義上不同。

              (A) easy “安適地”; easily “容易地”:

              Stand easy!

              He's not easily satisfied.

              (B) clear ( = completely “完全地”; clearly“顯然地”;)

              The bullet went clear through the door.

              The thieves got clearly away.

              (C) high “高”; highly “很;非常”;

              The birds are flying high.

              He was highly praised for his work.

              (D) Slow 和 slowly當副詞時同義, 但 slow比 slowly語氣強.

              I told the driver to go slow(er).

              Drive slowly round these bends in the road.

              (E) hard “辛苦地”; hardly “幾乎不”;

              He works hard. (= He is a hard worker.)

              He hardly does anything nowadays. (= He does very little nowadays.)

              (F) just “剛才;僅”; justly “公正地”;

              I've just seen him.

              He was justly punished.

              (G) late “遲”; lately (= recently)“最近地”;

              He went to bed late.

              I haven't seen Mr. Green lately.

              (H) Pretty (= fairly, moderately)“十分,頗”; prettily (= in a pretty way, attractively)“漂亮地”;

              The situation seems pretty hopeless.

              She was prettily dressed.

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